Thawheedh Al Asma vas Sifaath
It is to single out Allah in His Names and Attributes.
From Eemaan in Allah is to have eemaan in those of His Asma-ul Husna
(Beautiful Names) and Sifathul Ulya (Lofty Attributes) that is mentioned in the
Qur'an and those that affirmed by the messenger (sal) without -
1) Tahreef (distorting the wording or the
meaning)
2) Ta’teel (divesting or denying the Attributes)
3) Takyeef (asking/saying how)
4) Tamtheel (resembling Allah to any of His
creation).
Rather, it is obligatory to leave them as they came, without
takyeef. Along with this, it is also obligatory to have iman in the meaning
that Allah - the Mighty and Majestic - has been described with, in a way which
befits Him; without resembling Him to His creation in any of His Attributes.
Allah - the Most High - says:
“There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the
All-Seeing.” [Quran 42:11]
Allah - the Mighty and Majestic - also says:
“And do not put forward any similitude for Allah. Indeed, Allah
knows and you do not know.” [Quran 16:74]
Regarding 5) Ta'weel (make
an interpretation other than the obviouse meaning of a word) - one must not do ta'weel
unless there is justifiable evidence regarding the specific word in the Quran
or in the Sunnah
For example:- Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) Said: "Do not curse time, for
indeed, Allaah is Ad-Dahr (time)" [Saheeh Muslim]
Then its meaning is that He is the "Owner of time - the One
who dispenses it". This change occurs based on the evidence found in his
(sallallahu alaihi wasallam) statement in the second narration of this hadeeth in which Allah said:
"In My hand is the Command. I turn (in cycles) the night and
the day." [Saheeh Bukhari & Saheeh Muslim]
The above five principles are the way in wich a Name or Atttribute
of Allah should be accepted and believed, it is the way of the Sahabaas (rali Allahu anhum)
and therefore it is the way accepted by Allah and His messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam). Because
if the Sahabaas go wrong the prophet would correct it, if not Allah would
reveal verses correcting them.
Have in mind the points below as well
1) The Names of Allah
are not affirmed by the intellect - they can only be affirmed by Revelation
2) All of Allah's Names
are the best, as
Allah Says:
"..... To Him belong the best of Names." [Quran 20:8]
3) The Names of Allaah
are not confined to a fixed and definite number,
This is based on the hadeeth mentioning the Dua of the Prophet
(sallallahu alaihi wasallam): "I ask You, O Allaah, by every one of Your Names by which You have
named Yourself or revealed in Your Book. Or (those which You have) taught to
one of Your creatures or appropriated for Yourself in the knowledge of the
Ghaib (Unseen) that is with You." [Musnad Ahmedh]
Allah has appropriated for Himself in the knowledge of the Ghaib
(Unseen) that is with Him, is proof enough that there are more than 99.
Regarding the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam)'s staetement:
"Verily, to Allaah belong ninety-nine names, (by which)
whosoever takes account of them (i.e. memorizes, learns and supplicates by
them), will enter Paradise " [Saheeh Bukhari]
It should be understood as, Verily, from among all the names of
Allaah are ninety-nine names by which if someone takes account of them, he will
enter Paradise.
4) The meaning of each
of Allah's Names implies to i) Allah Himself ii) the attribute that such a Name
implies
For example: - Ar-Rahmaan (the Most Merciful). One's Faith is not
complete until he believes that it is a name of Allaah that applies to 1)
Himself, 2) the attribute that it encompasses, which is his mercy
5) All of Allah's
Attributes are of the highest degree of perfection and praise. There is no
deficiency found in them any way whatsoever.
"And to Allaah belongs the highest description." [Quran
16: 60]
6) The Attributes of
Allah can be divided into two categories (a) Those that are affirmed
(Thubootiyyah) (b) Those that are negated (Salbiyyah)
(a) Thubootiyyah: consists of attributes that Allah has
affirmed for Himself. such as Living, Knowledge and Ability. Affirming these
for Allah (in a manner befitting Him) is obligatory
(b) Salbiyyah: consists of attributes that Allah has
negated for Himself. such as Injustice. "And your Lord treats no one with
injustice." [Quran 18:49]
it is obligatory to negate
injustice from Allaah, while affirming the opposite - which is justice - for
Him, based on its most perfect perspective.
7) The affirmed
Attributes (Thubootiyyah) can further be divided into two
(a) Dhaatiyyah
(Attributes of His Essence):
They are the attributes that do not cease nor will ever cease to be descriptive
of Him, such as Hearing, Seeing etc....
(b) Fi'aliyyah
(Attributes of His actions):
They are the attributes that are connected to His Will (Mashee'ah). If He
wills, He will do it and if He wills.
'And (all) the Most Beautiful Names belong to Allah, so call on
Him by them, and leave the company of those who belie or deny (or utter impious
speech against) His Names. They will be requited for what they used to do.'
[Quran 7:180]
'He is Allah, none has the right to be worshipped but He, the
All-Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is the Most Beneficent, the Most
Merciful. He is Allah, none has the right to be worshipped but He, the King,
the Holy, the One Free from all defects, the Giver of security, the Watcher
over His creatures, the All-Mighty, the Compeller, the Supreme. Glory be to
Allah! (High is He) above all that they associate as partners with Him. He is
Allah, the Creator, the Inventor of all things, the Bestower of forms. To Him
belong the Best Names. All that is in the heavens and the earth glorify Him.
And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.' [Quran 59:22-24]
To reject any one Name
or Attribute of Allah is Kufr.
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