Where is Allah?
Allah has clearly stated in the Quran that He is above the Arsh
(Throne)
His saying:
"Are you sure that He Who is Above the heaven will not cleave
the earth beneath you? Or are you sure that He Who is above the heaven will not
send against you a stone-charged hurricane." [Quran 67:17-18]
And His saying:
"They fear their Lord above them, and they do what they are
commanded." [Quran 16:50]
And His saying:
"Ar Rahmaan (The Compassionate) has rose over the 'Arsh' (The
Throne)." [Quran 20:5]
Prophet (sal) has always taught us that Allah is above.
Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Al-As (rali Allahu anhu) related that the Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam)
said,
"Allah grants mercy to the merciful. Be merciful to those who
are on the earth, (then) He Who above the heavens will be merciful to
you."
[Abu Dawood & At-Tirmidhi]
And through a very clear statement in the hadeeth below
Muawiyah bin Al-Hakam As-Salmi (rali Allahu anhu) said:
"I had a slave-girl who used to herd sheep for me. One day I
discovered that a wolf had killed one of her sheep, and I'm a man from the
children of Adam, I get upset like they get upset, and I slapped her in the
face. Then I went to the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) who impressed upon me the seriousness of
my act. I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, should I not set her free?' He said,
'Bring her to me.' He asked her, 'Where is Allah', She said, 'He is above the
heavens.' He said, 'Who am I?' She said, 'You are the Messenger of Allah.' He
said, 'Free her, for she is a believer.'
[Saheeh Muslim]
The prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) bore witness to her belief just because of her
declaration that Allah is above the heavens and the Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) is the
Messenger of Allah.
Arsh is the last of the creations and it’s above the heavens, This
is made clear in the hadeeth below
Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) said,
"There are one-hundred degrees in Paradise which Allah has prepared for
those who carry on Jihad in His Cause. The distance between every two degrees
is like the distance between the sky and the Earth, so if you ask Allah for
anything, ask Him for the Firdaus, for it is the last part of Paradise and the
highest part of Paradise, and at its top there is the Throne of Beneficent, and
from it gush forth the rivers of Paradise."
[Saheeh Bukhari]
How has Allah rose above
the throne is not known, Allah and His messenger (sal) have only taught us that
Allah is above the throne.
We should not resemble
it to the ascendency of the creations (without Tamtheel) and we should not tell
or imagine how Allah has ascended over the throne (without Takyeef)
Thus, it is obligatory
to believe that Allah has rose above the Throne, in a manner that befits His
Majesty, of which only He has knowledge.
Some misguided sects, allege that the Quran supports their argument
that Allah is everywhere, they quote verses such as
His saying:
"Do you not see that Allaah knows all that is in the heavens
and all that is on the earth? There is no secret counsel of three, but He is
their fourth, nor of five, but :He is their sixth, nor of fewer than that, nor
of more, but He is with them wherever they may be. Then on the Day of
Resurrection He will inform them of what they did. Surely, Allaah knows all
things full well." [Quran 58:7]
But this only means that Allaah is well acquainted with their
utterances, and private talks and thoughts. He knows and hears their private
counsel. This is evidenced by the fact that the opening and concluding clauses
of this verse confirm the knowledge of Allaah.
And they also quote some other verses such as
His saying:
Indeed, Allah is with those who fear Him and those who are doers
of good. [Quran 16:128]
And His saying:
And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute and [thus] lose
courage and [then] your strength would depart; and be patient. Indeed, Allah is
with the patient. [Quran 8:46]
But these verses does not mean that Allah is present everywhere in
His Essence, it only means that Allah is presesnt with patient, doers of good,
and with those who fear Him through His Knowledge.
its evident in the verse below:
His saying:
"He is the One Who created the heavens and the earth in six
days; Then He Settled on the Throne. He knows what goes into the earth and what
comes out of it and what descends from heavens and
what ascends into it; He is with you wherever you are; Allah sees
all what you do." [Quran 57:4]
In the beggining of the above verse Allah says that He has rose
over the throne, and at the end He says He is with you wherever you are; but
How is He with you wherever you are? is answered in the next part "Allah
sees all that you do." which means that He is with you through His divine
knowledge.
This is what the well known salaf, Abdhullah ibnu Al Mubarak (rahimahullah)
said:
Allah is above the
throne in His Essence, seperate and distinct from His creations, and He is with
them (creations) in His knowledge.
The fact that Allah is above the throne was even preached by
Prophet Moosa (alaihi salaam), the verse below is proof enough that Moosa (alaihi salaam) had
preached that Allah is above the heavens.
His saying:
And Pharaoh said, "O Haamaan, construct for me a tower that I
might reach the ways – The ways into the heavens – so that I may look at the
deity of Moses; but indeed, I think he is a liar." And thus was made
attractive to Pharaoh the evil of his deed, and he was averted from the [right]
way. And the plan of Pharaoh was not except in ruin. [Quran 40:36-37]
Even the Sahabaas (rali Allahu anhum) believed that Allah is above the heavens:
Zainab (rali Allahu anha), the wife of the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), used to claim
excellence over the rest of his wives by telling them, 'It is only your parents
who gave you in marriage to the Prophet (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), while it is Allaah Who gave me
in marriage to him from above the seven heavens.'
[Saheeh
Bukhari]
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